Trastorno de estrés postraumático: Noticias, tratamiento y Psicodrama
Palabras clave:
trastornos por estrés postraumático, psicodrama, evaluación terapéuticaResumen
El estudio de las reacciones humanas a un trauma ha crecido considerablemente en los últimos años, incluyendo no sólo las pacientes histéricas de Freud, sino también los combatientes de la guerra, los sobrevivientes de desastres naturales y las víctimas de abuso infantil y violencia doméstica. La ampliación del campo de trabajo ha estimulado numerosas terapias nuevas, cada una reclamando ser más eficiente y más rápida que la otra, de forma que las viejas escuelas psicodinámicas se parezcan dinosaurios anticuados, sin recursos útiles en el tratamiento de estos temas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar las contribuciones contemporáneas del Psicodrama para trabajar con situaciones de estrés postraumático, y fomentar el desarrollo de los estudios controlados para mostrar estadísticamente la riqueza de nuestras herramientas teóricas y prácticas.
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Bannister, A. (1997). The healing drama: Psychodrama and dramatherapy with abused children. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Brom, D., Ross, G., Lawl, C., & Lerner, K. (2015). First randomized controlled outcome study on the use of somatic experiencing for PTSD: Preliminary data analysis. Recuperado de https://beyondthetraumavortex.wordpress.com/2015/07/22/first-randomized-controlled-outcome-stud/
Bryant, R. A. (1999). Treating acute stress disorder: An evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy and supporting counseling techniques. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1780-1786. Doi: 10.1176/ajp.156.11.1780
Bunmi, O. (2009, May). The cruelest cure? Ethical issues in the implementation of exposure-based treatments. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice (Impact Factor: 1.33), 16(2), 172-180. Doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.07.003
Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., & Muraoka, M. Y. (1998, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EDMR) treatment for combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(1), 3-24.
Cohen, J. A. et al. (2000). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adolescents: An empirical update. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15(11), 1202-1223.
Courtney, L. B. et al. (2011). History of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin. N Am., 20(2), 179-189. Doi: 10.1016/j.chc.
Cukier, R. (1992). Psicodrama bipessoal: Sua técnica, seu cliente e seu terapeuta. São Paulo: Ágora.
Cukier, R. (2004). Fundamentos do psicodrama: A importância da dramatização. Revista Brasileira de Psicodrama, 12(1), 143-150.
Dayton, T. (2011). Relational trauma repair: An experiential model for working with PTSD. Interlook. New York: Inc. Publisher.
Elliot, R. et al. (1996). A process-experiential approach to post-traumatic stress disorder. In R.
Hutter et al. (Orgs), Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy: A paradigm in motion. Frankfurt: Lang.
Elliot, R. et al. (1998). Process-experiential therapy for posttraumatic stress difficulties. In L. S. Greenberg, J. Watson, & G. Lietaer (Orgs.), Handbook of experiential psychotherapy. Nova York: Guilford Press.
Hudgins, K. & Toscani, F. (2013). Healing world trauma with the therapeutic spiral model, psychodramatic stories from the frontlines. London/Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Jonathan, I. et al. (2007, January). Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(2), 97-104. Doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.021402
Judith, S. B. (2001, February). Why distinguish between cognitive behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy? Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research. The Beck Institute Newsletter.
Kellerman, P. F. (1992). Focus on psychodrama. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Kellerman, P. F., & Hudgins, M. K. (2010). Psicodrama do trauma: O sofrimento em cena. São Paulo: Ágora.
Kipper, D. A., & Ritchie, T. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodramatic techniques: A metaanalysis. Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice (Impact Factor: 0.88), 7(1), 13-25. Doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.7.1.13
Lee, C. W., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). What does the data say about the importance of eye movement in EMDR? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 226-228. Doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.10.002
Markowitz, J. C. et al. (2015, May). Is exposure necessary? A randomized clinical trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for PTSD. Am. J. Psychiatry, 172(5), 430-440. Doi:10.1176/appi.ajp. 2014.14070908. Epub 2015 Feb 13
McNally, R. J. (1999). Research on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for PTSD. PTSD Research Quarterly, 10(1), 1-7.
Moreno, J. L. (1973). O teatro da espontaneidade. São Paulo: Summus.
Ofir, L. et al. (2015). Cognitive-Behavioral therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy in the treatment of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A comparative effectiveness study. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy (Impact Factor: 2.59), 07. Doi: 10.1002/cpp.1969. Source: PubMed.
Pitman, R. K., Orr, S. P., Altman, B., Longpre, R. E., Poiré, R. E., & Macklin, M. L. (1996, Nov.-Dec.). Emotional processing during eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy of Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Compr Psychiatry, 37(6), 419-429.
Rauch, S. A., Eftekhari, A., & Ruzek, J. (2012). Review of exposure therapy: a gold standard for PTSD treatment. J Rehabil Res Dev, 49(5), 679-687. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.08.0152.
Richards, D. A., Lovell, K., & Marks, I. M. (1994). Post-traumatic stress disorder: evaluation of a behavioral treatment program. J. Trauma. Stress, 7(4), 669-680. Doi: 10.1007/BF02103014
Ulrich, S. et al. (2006, June). Results of psychodynamically oriented trauma – focused inpatient treatment for women with complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 70, 125-144. Doi: 10.1521/bumc
Van der Kolk, B. (2002). Beyond the talking cure. Somatic experience and subcortical imprints in the treatment of trauma. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR and an integrative psychotherapy approach (pp. 57-83). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Brom, D., Ross, G., Lawl, C., & Lerner, K. (2015). First randomized controlled outcome study on the use of somatic experiencing for PTSD: Preliminary data analysis. Recuperado de https://beyondthetraumavortex.wordpress.com/2015/07/22/first-randomized-controlled-outcome-stud/
Bryant, R. A. (1999). Treating acute stress disorder: An evaluation of cognitive behavioural therapy and supporting counseling techniques. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1780-1786. Doi: 10.1176/ajp.156.11.1780
Bunmi, O. (2009, May). The cruelest cure? Ethical issues in the implementation of exposure-based treatments. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice (Impact Factor: 1.33), 16(2), 172-180. Doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.07.003
Carlson, J. G., Chemtob, C. M., Rusnak, K., Hedlund, N. L., & Muraoka, M. Y. (1998, January). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EDMR) treatment for combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11(1), 3-24.
Cohen, J. A. et al. (2000). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adolescents: An empirical update. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15(11), 1202-1223.
Courtney, L. B. et al. (2011). History of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin. N Am., 20(2), 179-189. Doi: 10.1016/j.chc.
Cukier, R. (1992). Psicodrama bipessoal: Sua técnica, seu cliente e seu terapeuta. São Paulo: Ágora.
Cukier, R. (2004). Fundamentos do psicodrama: A importância da dramatização. Revista Brasileira de Psicodrama, 12(1), 143-150.
Dayton, T. (2011). Relational trauma repair: An experiential model for working with PTSD. Interlook. New York: Inc. Publisher.
Elliot, R. et al. (1996). A process-experiential approach to post-traumatic stress disorder. In R.
Hutter et al. (Orgs), Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy: A paradigm in motion. Frankfurt: Lang.
Elliot, R. et al. (1998). Process-experiential therapy for posttraumatic stress difficulties. In L. S. Greenberg, J. Watson, & G. Lietaer (Orgs.), Handbook of experiential psychotherapy. Nova York: Guilford Press.
Hudgins, K. & Toscani, F. (2013). Healing world trauma with the therapeutic spiral model, psychodramatic stories from the frontlines. London/Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Jonathan, I. et al. (2007, January). Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(2), 97-104. Doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.021402
Judith, S. B. (2001, February). Why distinguish between cognitive behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy? Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research. The Beck Institute Newsletter.
Kellerman, P. F. (1992). Focus on psychodrama. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Kellerman, P. F., & Hudgins, M. K. (2010). Psicodrama do trauma: O sofrimento em cena. São Paulo: Ágora.
Kipper, D. A., & Ritchie, T. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodramatic techniques: A metaanalysis. Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice (Impact Factor: 0.88), 7(1), 13-25. Doi: 10.1037/1089-2699.7.1.13
Lee, C. W., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). What does the data say about the importance of eye movement in EMDR? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 226-228. Doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.10.002
Markowitz, J. C. et al. (2015, May). Is exposure necessary? A randomized clinical trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for PTSD. Am. J. Psychiatry, 172(5), 430-440. Doi:10.1176/appi.ajp. 2014.14070908. Epub 2015 Feb 13
McNally, R. J. (1999). Research on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for PTSD. PTSD Research Quarterly, 10(1), 1-7.
Moreno, J. L. (1973). O teatro da espontaneidade. São Paulo: Summus.
Ofir, L. et al. (2015). Cognitive-Behavioral therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy in the treatment of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A comparative effectiveness study. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy (Impact Factor: 2.59), 07. Doi: 10.1002/cpp.1969. Source: PubMed.
Pitman, R. K., Orr, S. P., Altman, B., Longpre, R. E., Poiré, R. E., & Macklin, M. L. (1996, Nov.-Dec.). Emotional processing during eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy of Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Compr Psychiatry, 37(6), 419-429.
Rauch, S. A., Eftekhari, A., & Ruzek, J. (2012). Review of exposure therapy: a gold standard for PTSD treatment. J Rehabil Res Dev, 49(5), 679-687. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2011.08.0152.
Richards, D. A., Lovell, K., & Marks, I. M. (1994). Post-traumatic stress disorder: evaluation of a behavioral treatment program. J. Trauma. Stress, 7(4), 669-680. Doi: 10.1007/BF02103014
Ulrich, S. et al. (2006, June). Results of psychodynamically oriented trauma – focused inpatient treatment for women with complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 70, 125-144. Doi: 10.1521/bumc
Van der Kolk, B. (2002). Beyond the talking cure. Somatic experience and subcortical imprints in the treatment of trauma. In F. Shapiro (Ed.), EMDR and an integrative psychotherapy approach (pp. 57-83). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
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2020-01-14
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Cukier, R. . (2020). Trastorno de estrés postraumático: Noticias, tratamiento y Psicodrama. Revista Brasileira De Psicodrama, 24(2), 81–90. Recuperado a partir de https://revbraspsicodrama.org.br/rbp/article/view/273
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