Intuitive Psychosociodrama before Moreno: A Christmas Carol by Dickens
Keywords:
Dickens, Sociodrama, Psychodrama, Virtual systemAbstract
Applying Morenian concepts to the literary structure of the novel A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens reveals a psychodrama internal to the story in which the characters function as director, protagonist and auxiliaries. The public readings by Dickens between 1853-1870 allowed the story’s transgression from psychodrama into sociodrama directed by Dickens and around poverty and labour – central themes and social issues throughout all of history. The use of surplus reality during catharsis generates the energy of this dynamic, complex “virtual system” which is maintained after the audience returns to “group mode” (their own lives) with post-performance processing as shown by contemporary newspaper articles and reports on the story’s impact.
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References
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BYRE, B. Teaching Conference Development as a Simulated Experience. Proceeding of the Central States Communication Association Convention. Kansas City, 1989.
CAZAMIAN, L. The Social Novel in England 1830-1850. New York: Routledge, 2013.
COCKBURN, H. Life of Lord Jeffrey. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo & Co. volume II, p. 301, 1852.
DAVIS, P. The Lives and Times of Ebenezer Scrooge. New Haven: Yale Uni Press, 1990, p. 57-58.
DICKENS, C. A Christmas Carol in prose. London: Charles Chapman and Hall, 1843.
DOLAN, J. Utopia in Performance. Finding Hope at the Theater. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2005.
ELSE, G. Aristotle’s Poetics: The Argument. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.
FOX, J. Theatre of Spontaneity Revisited. Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama and Sociometry. Philadelphia: Heldref Publications, 2006, p. 51-54.
FRASER’S MAGAZINE FOR TOWN AND COUNTRY, London, v. 29, 1844, p. 166-169.
GERSHONI, J. Psychodrama in the 21st Century: Clinical and Educational Applications. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2003.
GOLBY, J. M.; PURDUE, A. W. The Making of the Modern Christmas. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1986.
HOLME, P. The Inner World Outside: Object Relations Theory and Psychodrama. New York: Routledge, 2015.
HUTTON, R. Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
KELLERMANN, P. F. Focus on psychodrama: The therapeutic aspects of psychodrama. Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley, 1992.
MALTHUS, T. R. An Essay on the Principle of Population, as it Affects the Future Improvement of Society. London: J. Johnson, 1798.
MORENO, J. L. Who shall survive? Foundations of sociometry, group psychotherapy and sociodrama. Beacon, NY: Beacon House, 1953.
MORENO, J. L.; MORENO, Z. T. Psychodrama, volume III: Action therapy and principles of practice. Beacon, NY: Beacon House, 1969.
MORENO, J. L. Introduction to the Third Edition: Historic Background. In Psychodrama First Volume: Fourth Edition with New Introduction. Beacon House, New York, 1972.
MORENO, J. L. The theatre of spontaneity. 3 ed. Ambler, PA: Beacon House, 1983.
SCHUTZ, W. Here comes everybody. New York: Harper and Row. 1971.
STANDIFORD, L. The Man who Invented Christmas: How Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol Rescued his Career and Revived our Holiday Spirits Deckle Edge. Portland: Broadway Books, 2011.
THE GENTLEMAN’S MAGAZINE, London, Series 2, v. 22, 1844, p. 170.
TURNER, V. The Anthropology of Performance. New York: PAJ Publications, 1987.
WEIGLHOFER, M. The function of narrative in public space: Witnessing performed storytelling in Northern Ireland. Journal of Arts & Communities, Bristol, 6: 1, 2014, p. 29-44.
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Published
2020-01-17
How to Cite
Stefania Maria Psalti, I. . (2020). Intuitive Psychosociodrama before Moreno: A Christmas Carol by Dickens. Revista Brasileira De Psicodrama, 23(2), 42–54. Retrieved from https://revbraspsicodrama.org.br/rbp/article/view/353
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